|
The 1832 Democratic National Convention was held from May 21 to May 23, 1832, in Baltimore, Maryland at the landmark civic, literary and social hall, "The Athenaneum" (the first) at St. Paul and East Lexington Streets - later burned in the Baltimore bank riot of 1835, (west of the City/County Courthouse) and later at "Warfield's Church (thought to be the First Universalist Church at North Calvert and East Pleasant Streets?). This was the first national convention of the Democratic Party of the United States; it followed presidential nominating conventions held previously by the small minority Anti-Masonic Party (in September 1831) and the National Republican Party (in December 1831). The purpose of the convention was to choose a running mate for incumbent President Andrew Jackson of Tennessee, rather than the previous methods of using a caucus of Congressional representatives and senators. The delegates nominated former Secretary of State Martin Van Buren (of New York) for Vice President to replace and succeed the earlier incumbent John C. Calhoun of South Carolina (whom Jackson had fallen out with over the nullification controversy), and endorsed Jackson's reelection. ==Background== In the summer of 1822, "Richmond Juno" leader Thomas Richie of Virginia began raising the idea of a national convention to resolve the issue of nomination; ultimately, the Congressional nominating caucus was appealed to by the devotees of Treasury Secretary William H. Crawford's candidacy.〔Rut land, p. 47.〕 Following that defeat in the election of 1824, early in 1827, Van Burn privately made the argument to Richie for an exclusive national convention of Republicans to ensure Jackson's nomination.〔Rut land, p. 56.〕 However, it did not immediately come to fruition while state conventions and legislatures took up Jackson as their presidential candidate for the election of 1828 with Vice President John C. Calhoun as his running mate. Such a type of national convention would occur after the election. In 1830, Calhoun had fallen out of President Jackson's favor in part from a letter written by Crawford that stated that Calhoun as Secretary of War in President James Monroe's Cabinet pushed for a reprimand of General Jackson over his actions in the Invasion of Florida in 1818; the Petticoat affair in which Calhoun's wife, Floride was a central figure further alienated Jackson from the Vice President and his supporters. The final blow to the relationship came when Calhoun sank Van Buren's nomination to be Minister to England by casting a tie-breaking vote in the United States Senate. Calhoun resigned from the vice presidency on 28 December 1832 (seven weeks after the presidential election) and became a Senator of South Carolina, where he continued to be a proponent of the doctrines of nullification in opposition to Jackson. The plan for the convention was carried out among members of Jackson's "Kitchen Cabinet," his coterie of informal advisers and confidants. Major William Berkeley Lewis wrote on May 25, 1831, to Amos Kendall, who was then in New Hampshire. He suggested the legislature of New Hampshire call for a national gathering of Republican supporters of the Jackson administration to nominate a candidate for the vice presidency, and for Kendall to pass the idea to Isaac Hill. After the call for a general convention was adopted by members of the legislature, the ''Globe'' newspaper seconded their remarks and recommendation on July 6, 1831: "The recommendation of a Convention at Baltimore to nominate a candidate for the Vice-Presidency deserves a serious consideration. It is probably the best plan which can be adopted to produce entire unanimity in the Republican party, and secure its lasting ascendancy."〔The ''Globe'' was the principal Jacksonian paper which was established in 1830 in Washington, D.C., with Kendall's influence and edited by Francis Preston Blair. It supplanted General Duff Green's ''United States Telegraph'' in the esteem of the Jackson administration as the ''Telegraph'' was associated with Calhoun.〕〔Parton, pp. 382–385.〕 Lewis later recalled warning former Secretary of War and delegate John Eaton the day before the convention not to vote for anyone there except Van Buren unless he was prepared to "quarrel with the General ()."〔Parton, p. 421.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「1832 Democratic National Convention」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|